Critical systems refer to systems that are essential for the functioning of society, economy, or safety, and whose failure can have serious consequences. These systems are often complex, interconnected, and heavily reliant on technology. Examples of critical systems include transportation systems, energy grids, healthcare systems, and financial networks. Research in the area of critical systems focuses on developing methods, tools, and techniques to ensure the reliability, safety, and security of these systems. This includes risk assessment, fault-tolerance mechanisms, cybersecurity measures, and resilience strategies. Researchers in this field often work closely with practitioners and policymakers to identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities in critical systems. The goal of this research is to prevent failures and minimize the impact of any disruptions that may occur.